ESSAY ON THE ORIGINS OF LIBERALISM AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32813/2179-1120.2022.v15.n1.a820Keywords:
Private propriety, State, Social liberalism, reactionary liberalism, sustainable developmentAbstract
Since the end of the 18th century, two liberal traditions have developed: a) social liberalism, which recognizes the existence of imperfections and failures in the market, admitting that the State can act to minimize or solve such failures that would not be resolved by the market self-regulation; b) reactionary liberalism, which does not admit the possibility that the market has imperfections and flaws and, consequently, rejects the idea that the market needs the State to correct anything. Given the emergence of various socio-environmental problems caused by the way we produce wealth under capitalism, public debate and efforts to reconcile economic growth with notions of social justice and ecological prudence have intensified in the last 50 years, consolidating the notion of sustainable development. The goals of sustainable development have not been achieved through the self-regulation of the market, demanding the participation of States in different ways. This essay intends to debate the possibilities of liberalism to contribute to the agendas of sustainable development, with the rescue of contributions from the founding fathers and considerations about the differences between the two liberal traditions. Some questions at stake: in what ways do liberal traditions contribute to sustainable development? Do the founding fathers have something to contribute to sustainable development? Do liberals today support the founding fathers' ideas? Which tradition prevails today and how does this contribute to advance or retreat in sustainable development agendas? These and other questions will be addressed in this essay.
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